Paul Henderson

I am a Lecturer (roughly equivalent to Assistant Professor) in Machine Learning at the University of Glasgow. My research focuses on building machines that understand the visual world with minimal human input. I work on generative AI, probabilistic machine learning and 3D computer vision, with various projects applying these methods in the physical sciences and healthcare. I'm also helping to digitally unroll the Herculaneum Papyri. My CV is available here.

Prospective PhD students: I am currently accepting new PhD students, with a focus on data-efficient learning of visual concepts. There are scholarships available for strong candidates. If you are considering applying, send me an email with your CV, transcripts and a short research proposal mentioning why you want to work in my group in particular. Applicants should have a strong background in coding and maths, including probability and linear algebra.

News

2025-11 Two papers accepted at WACV 2026

2025-06 Outstanding Reviewer award for CVPR 2025

2025-03 Two papers accepted at SIGGRAPH 2025

2025-01 $30,000 prize for digital unrolling of the Herculaneum Papyri

2024-11 I was a Programme Chair for BMVC 2024, held in Glasgow

Research

Virtually Unrolling the Herculaneum Papyri by Diffeomorphic Spiral Fitting

Paul Henderson

WACV 2026 (new!)

Paper – Prize Announcement – Bibtex

@article{henderson26wacv,
  title={Virtually Unrolling the Herculaneum Papyri by Diffeomorphic Spiral Fitting},
  author={Paul Henderson},
  journal={IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision},
  year={2026}
}

Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priors

Wenning Xu, Shiyu Fan, Paul Henderson and Edmond S. L. Ho

SIGGRAPH 2025

Project Page – Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{xu25siggraph,
  title={Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priors},
  author={Xu, Wenning and Fan, Shiyu and Henderson, Paul and Ho, Edmond S. L.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Papers (SIGGRAPH)},
  year={2025}
}

MIND: Microstructure INverse Design with Generative Hybrid Neural Representation

Tianyang Xue, Longdu Liu, Lin Lu, Paul Henderson, Pengbin Tang, Haochen Li, Jikai Liu, Haisen Zhao, Hao Peng and Bernd Bickel

SIGGRAPH 2025

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{xue25siggraph,
  title={MIND: Microstructure INverse Design with Generative Hybrid Neural Representation},
  author={Xue, Tianyang and Liu, Longdu and Lu, Lin and Henderson, Paul and Tang, Pengbin and Li, Haochen and Liu, Jikai and Zhao, Haisen and Peng, Hao and Bickel, Bernd},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Papers (SIGGRAPH)},
  year={2025}
}

Diffusion Augmented Retrieval: A Training-Free Approach to Interactive Text-to-Image Retrieval

Zijun Long, Kangheng Liang, Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa, Richard Mccreadie and Paul Henderson

SIGIR 2025

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{long25sigir,
  title={Diffusion Augmented Retrieval: A Training-Free Approach to Interactive Text-to-Image Retrieval},
  author={Long, Zijun and Liang, Kangheng and Aragon Camarasa, Gerardo and Mccreadie, Richard and Henderson, Paul},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
  year={2025}
}

Certainty-Guided Cross Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Qianying Liu, Xiao Gu, Paul Henderson, Hang Dai and Fani Deligianni

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (TBME)

Paper – Bibtex

@article{liu25tbme,
  title={Certainty-Guided Cross Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation},
  author={Qianying Liu and Xiao Gu and Paul Henderson and Hang Dai and Fani Deligianni},
  journal={IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering},
  volume={72},
  number={8},
  pages={2366-2378},
  doi={10.1109/TBME.2025.3541992},
  year={2025}
}

Flat'n'Fold: A Diverse Multi-Modal Dataset for Garment Perception and Manipulation

Lipeng Zhuang, Shiyu Fan, Yingdong Ru, Florent P Audonnet, Paul Henderson and Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa

ICRA 2025

Project Page – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{zhuang25icra,
  title={Flat'n'Fold: A Diverse Multi-Modal Dataset for Garment Perception and Manipulation},
  author={Lipeng Zhuang and Shiyu Fan and Yingdong Ru and Florent Audonnet and Paul Henderson and Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa},
  booktitle={IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
  year={2025}
}

ARTeFACT: Benchmarking Segmentation Models on Diverse Analogue Media Damage

Daniela Ivanova, Marco Aversa, Paul Henderson and John Williamson

WACV 2025

Project Page – Paper – arXiv– Bibtex

@article{ivanova25wacv,
  title={{ARTeFACT}: Benchmarking Segmentation Models on Diverse Analogue Media Damage},
  author={Daniela Ivanova and Marco Aversa and Paul Henderson and John Williamson},
  journal={IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision},
  year={2025}
}

Learning Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation from Spatial Registration

Qianying Liu, Paul Henderson*, Xiao Gu, Hang Dai and Fani Deligianni*

WACV 2025

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@article{liu25wacv,
  title={Learning Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation from Spatial Registration},
  author={Qianying Liu and Paul Henderson and Xiao Gu and Hang Dai and Fani Deligianni},
  journal={IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision},
  year={2025}
}

Sampling 3D Gaussian Scenes in Seconds with Latent Diffusion Models

Paul Henderson, Melonie de Almeida, Daniela Ivanova and Titas Anciukevicius

arXiv 2024

Preprint – Bibtex

@misc{henderson24corr,
  title={Sampling {3D} Gaussian Scenes in Seconds with Latent Diffusion Models},
  author={Paul Henderson and de Almeida, Melonie and Daniela Ivanova and Titas Anciukevicius},
  howpublished={arXiv:2406.13099},
  year={2024}
}

Detail-Enhanced Intra-and Inter-modal Interaction for Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition

Tong Shi, Xuri Ge, Joemon M Jose, Nicolas Pugeault and Paul Henderson

ICPR 2025

Paper – arXiv– Bibtex

@article{shi25icpr,
  title={Detail-Enhanced Intra-and Inter-modal Interaction for Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition},
  author={Tong Shi and Xuri Ge and Jose, Joemon M and Nicolas Pugeault and Paul Henderson},
  journal={International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
  year={2025}
}

Understanding and Mitigating Human-Labelling Errors in Supervised Contrastive Learning

Zijun Long, Lipeng Zhuang, George Killick, Richard McCreadie, Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa and Paul Henderson

ECCV 2024

Paper – arXiv– Bibtex

@article{long24eccv,
  title={Understanding and Mitigating Human-Labelling Errors in Supervised Contrastive Learning},
  author={Long, Zijun and Zhuang, Lipeng and Killick, George and McCreadie, Richard and Aragon-Camarasa, Gerardo and Henderson, Paul},
  journal={European Conference on Computer Vision},
  year={2024}
}

Denoising Diffusion via Image-Based Rendering

Titas Anciukevicius, Fabian Manhardt, Federico Tombari and Paul Henderson

ICLR 2024

Project Page – Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{anciukevicius24iclr,
  title={Denoising Diffusion via Image-Based Rendering},
  author={Anciukevicius, Titas and Manhardt, Fabian and Tombari, Federico and Henderson, Paul},
  booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year={2024}
}

Deep learning extraction of band structure parameters from density of states: A case study on trilayer graphene

Paul Henderson, Areg Ghazaryan, Alexander A. Zibrov, Andrea F. Young and Maksym Serbyn

APS Physical Review B, 2023 (Editors' Suggestion)

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@article{PhysRevB.108.125411,
  title = {Deep learning extraction of band structure parameters from density of states: A case study on trilayer graphene},
  author = {Henderson, Paul and Ghazaryan, Areg and Zibrov, Alexander A. and Young, Andrea F. and Serbyn, Maksym},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {108},
  issue = {12},
  pages = {125411},
  numpages = {11},
  year = {2023},
  month = {Sep},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.108.125411},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.125411}
            }

Foveation in the Era of Deep Learning

George Killick, Paul Henderson, Paul Siebert, Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa

BMVC 2023 (Best Poster Award)

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{killick23bmvc,
            title={Foveation in the Era of Deep Learning},
            author={Killick, George and Henderson, Paul and Siebert, Paul and Aragon-Camarasa, Gerardo},
            booktitle={British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)},
            year={2023}
          }

Multi-Scale Cross Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Qianying Liu, Xiao Gu, Paul Henderson and Fani Deligianni

BMVC 2023

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{liu23bmvc,
  title={Multi-Scale Cross Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation},
  author={Qianying Liu and Xiao Gu and Paul Henderson and Fani Deligianni},
  booktitle={British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)},
  year={2023}
}

RenderDiffusion: Image Diffusion for 3D Reconstruction, Inpainting and Generation

Titas Anciukevicius, Zexiang Xu, Matthew Fisher, Paul Henderson, Hakan Bilen, Niloy J. Mitra and Paul Guerrero

CVPR 2023

Paper – arXiv – Poster – Bibtex

@article{anciukevicius2022renderdiffusion,
	title        = {{RenderDiffusion}: Image Diffusion for {3D} Reconstruction, Inpainting and Generation},
	author       = {Titas Anciukevicius and Zexiang Xu and Matthew Fisher and Paul Henderson and Hakan Bilen and Mitra, Niloy J. and Paul Guerrero},
	year         = {2023},
  month        = {June},
  pages        = {12608--12618}
	journal      = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}
}

Simulating analogue film damage to analyse and improve artefact restoration on high-resolution scans

Daniela Ivanova, John Williamson and Paul Henderson

Eurographics 2023 / Computer Graphics Forum

Project Page – Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@article{ivanova23analogue,
	title        = {Simulating analogue film damage to analyse and improve artefact restoration on high-resolution scans},
	author       = {Daniela Ivanova and John Williamson and Paul Henderson},
	year         = {2023},
	journal      = {Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Eurographics 2023)},
  volume       = {42},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {133--148},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14749}
}

Unsupervised Causal Generative Understanding of Images

Titas Anciukevicius, Patrick Fox-Roberts, Edward Rosten and Paul Henderson

NeurIPS 2022

Full Paper – Short Paper (ICML SCIS Workshop) – Bibtex

@inproceedings{anciukevicius22neurips,
  title={Unsupervised Causal Generative Understanding of Images},
  author={Titas Anciukevi\v{c}ius and Patrick Fox-Roberts and Edward Rosten and Paul Henderson},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 35},
  year={2022}
}

Learning to Predict Keypoints and Structure of Articulated Objects without Supervision

Titas Anciukevicius, Paul Henderson and Hakan Bilen

ICPR 2022

Paper – Bibtex

@inproceedings{anciukevicius22icpr,
  title={Learning to Predict Keypoints and Structure of Articulated Objects without Supervision},
  author={Titas Anciukevi\v{c}ius and Paul Henderson and Hakan Bilen},
  booktitle={International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)},
  year={2022}
}

Unsupervised Video Prediction from a Single Frame by Estimating 3D Dynamic Scene Structure

Paul Henderson, Christoph Lampert and Bernd Bickel

CoRR 2021

Project Page – Paper – Bibtex

@misc{henderson21corr,<br />
            title={Unsupervised Video Prediction from a Single Frame by Estimating {3D} Dynamic Scene Structure},<br />
            author={Henderson, Paul and Lampert, Christoph H. and Bickel, Bernd},<br />
            howpublished={arXiv:2106.09051},<br />
            year={2021}<br />
        }

Unsupervised object-centric video generation and decomposition in 3D

Paul Henderson and Christoph Lampert

NeurIPS 2020

Project Page – Paper – Code – Bibtex

@inproceedings{henderson20neurips,
            title={Unsupervised object-centric video generation and decomposition in {3D}},
            author={Henderson, Paul and Lampert, Christoph H.},
            booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 33},
            year={2020}
    }

Computational Design of Cold Bent Glass Façades

Konstantinos Gavriil, Ruslan Guseinov, Jesús Pérez, Davide Pellis, Paul Henderson, Florian Rist, Helmut Pottmann and Bernd Bickel

SIGGRAPH Asia 2020

Project Page – Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@article{gavriil20sa,
  title={Computational Design of Cold Bent Glass Fa{\c c}ades},
  author={Gavriil, Konstantinos and Guseinov, Ruslan and P{\'e}rez, Jes{\'u}s and Pellis, Davide and Henderson, Paul and Rist, Florian and Pottmann, Helmut and Bickel, Bernd},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH Asia 2020)},
  year={2020},
  month = {12},
  volume = {39},
  number = {6}
  articleno = {208},
  numpages = {16}
}

Leveraging 2D Data to Learn Textured 3D Mesh Generation

Paul Henderson, Vagia Tsiminaki and Christoph Lampert

CVPR 2020 (oral; featured in CVN's Best of CVPR)

Paper – Code – Bibtex

@inproceedings{henderson20cvpr,
  title={Leveraging {2D} Data to Learn Textured {3D} Mesh Generation},
  author={Paul Henderson and Vagia Tsiminaki and Christoph Lampert},
  booktitle={IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
  year={2020}
}

Object-Centric Image Generation with Factored Depths, Locations, and Appearances

Titas Anciukevicius, Christoph Lampert and Paul Henderson

CoRR 2020

Paper – ICML 2020 workshop presentation – Bibtex

@misc{anciukevicius20corr,
  title={Object-Centric Image Generation with Factored Depths, Locations, and Appearances},
  author={Titas Anciukevi\v{c}ius and Christoph Lampert and Paul Henderson},
  howpublished={arXiv:2004.00642},
  year={2020}
}

Learning Single-Image 3D Reconstruction by Generative Modelling of Shape, Pose and Shading

Paul Henderson and Vittorio Ferrari

IJCV 2019

Paper – arXiv – Code for differentiable renderer – Bibtex

@article{henderson19ijcv,
  title={Learning Single-Image {3D} Reconstruction by Generative Modelling of Shape, Pose and Shading},
  author={Henderson, Paul and Ferrari, Vittorio},
  journal={International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV)},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8}
}

Learning to Generate and Reconstruct 3D Meshes with only 2D Supervision

Paul Henderson and Vittorio Ferrari

BMVC 2018 (oral)

Paper – Code for differentiable renderer – Bibtex

@inproceedings{henderson18bmvc,
  title={Learning to Generate and Reconstruct {3D} Meshes with only {2D} Supervision},
  author={Henderson, Paul and Ferrari, Vittorio},
  booktitle={British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)},
  year={2018}
}

Automatic Generation of Constrained Furniture Layouts

Paul Henderson, Kartic Subr and Vittorio Ferrari

CoRR 2017

Paper – Bibtex

@misc{henderson17corr,
  title={Automatic Generation of Constrained Furniture Layouts},
  author={Paul Henderson and Kartic Subr and Vittorio Ferrari},
  howpublished={arXiv:1711.10939},
  year={2017}
}

End-to-end Training of Object Class Detectors for Mean Average Precision

Paul Henderson and Vittorio Ferrari

ACCV 2016

Paper – Bibtex

@inproceedings{henderson16accv,
  title={End-to-End Training of Object Class Detectors for Mean Average Precision},
  author={Henderson, Paul and Ferrari, Vittorio},
  booktitle={Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV)},
  year={2016},
  pages={198--213}
}

Automatically Selecting Inference Algorithms for Discrete Energy Minimisation

Paul Henderson and Vittorio Ferrari

ECCV 2016

Paper – arXiv – Bibtex

@inproceedings{henderson16eccv,
  title={Automatically Selecting Inference Algorithms for Discrete Energy Minimisation},
  author={Henderson, Paul and Ferrari, Vittorio},
  booktitle={European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)},
  year={2016},
  pages={235--252}
}

Profile

I completed a BA in Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in 2009, followed by an MSc in Informatics at the University of Edinburgh in 2010. I then worked at Blackford Analysis for four years, on research and development for medical imaging applications. I completed my PhD in 2018 at the University of Edinburgh in the CALVIN group supervised by Vittorio Ferrari (see here for my thesis). I spent three years as a postdoc in the Computer Vision and Machine Learning Group of Christoph Lampert at ISTA, the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. Since January 2022, I hold the post of Lecturer in Machine Learning, in the School of Computing Science at the University of Glasgow. My 'official' (not-so-interesting) homepage is here.

My full academic curriculum vitae is available here.